Stable highly concentrated solutions of basic dyes

ABSTRACT

A composition which is employed in the preparation of solutions of basic dyes to maintain their stability during extended periods of storage which comprises in admixture methyl alcohol, 2,2&#39;&#39;thiodiethanol, and a basic dye stock.

United States Patent [72] Inventor Walter G. Drautz Delmar, N.Y.

[21] Appl. No. 753,751

[22] Filed Aug. 19, I968 [45] Patented Nov. 2,1971

[73] Assignee GAF Corporation New York, N.Y.

[54] STABLE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS OF BASIC DYES 2 Claims, No Drawings [52] US. Cl 8/93, 8/1UA, 8/21, 8/62, 8/79, 8/173, 8/7,8/41, 106/27, 106/189 51 Int. Cl c091 67/00 [50] Field of Search 8/93, 173,

Ellis, Printing Inks, 1940, p. 353, Diserens, Chem. Tech. of Dye. & Print., 1951, p. 106, AATCC, Tech. Man., 1967 ED., Vol.43, p. 15-146 Primary ExaminerD0nald Levy Assistant Examiner Patricia C. Ives Attorneys-Walter C. Kehm and Samson B. Leavitt ABSTRACT: A composition which is employed in the preparation of solutions of basic dyes to maintain their stability during extended periods of storage which comprises in admixture methyl alcohol, 2,2'-thiodiethanol, and a basic dye stock.

dyes are extensively usedin the treatment of paper, textile,

and leather goods. In the past, finely ground dyes were used for preparation of the dyeing solution by the dyer rather than the dye manufacturer. The use of finely ground dyes had several disadvantagesyfor example, finely ground dye powders through unsuitable storage were partly or wholly caked to,

lumps by the action of moisture or heat, and difficulty resulted in a subsequent attempt to dissolve -said dyes. Moreover, several difficulties were experienced in-attempts to weigh the finely ground dye power due to the absorption of water by the dye during extended storage periods. Furthermore, difficulties were encountered in transferring or filling the powdered water-soluble intensely colored dyes, as when the powder did not absorb-water, these processes were accompanied byunpleasant formation of dust. in addition,.during dissolution of the dyes and subsequent stirring thereof, strong frothing often took place which led to the solutions frothing over with resultant contamination and loss.

It has been proposed to add certain substances to avoid the dusting of finely ground dyes and the frothing during preparation of the solutions. Many wetting agents have also been recommended to promote rapid and complete dissolution of dye powders. All these additives merely diminish the said dis-. advantages without wholly obviating them. I

The above disadvantages associated with the use of finely, ground basic dyes may be avoided by the use of highly concentrated stock solutions which are supplied directly by the dye manufacturers. The use ofdye solutions eliminatesthe need. for the dyer to prepare the dyes themselves, which as noted above may present solubility problems which may also cause the problem of dyestuff particles drifting through the processing apparatus to contaminate .other dyes, fabrics, and equipment. Furthermore, the use of concentrated stock solutions insures a more uniform" dye bath strength the controls the amount of dyestuff employed. Also the dyestuff in a highly concentrated solution may be run into the dye bath by a simple process such as metering.

In the past, very highly concentrated aqueous solutions have not hitherto been prepared. The salts of basic dyes generally used, in many cases the hydrochlorides will dissolve only in relatively low concentrations inwater or other suitable liquids- Therefore, the solutions thus obtained have in the pasthadno practical importance because of the high proportionof solvent. necessary for'the basic dye,.thehigh cost of transportation inherent in the use of'such a large proportion of solvent, and the complications involved in packaging large quantities of aqueous solutions. Moreover, the use of an aqueous solution created the risks of freezing or evaporation of the solvent prior to itsuse, especially where the dye solution has to be stored for extended periods of time under adverse conditions such as heat and cold.

In addition to all the above difficulties inherent in the preparation of a concentrated stock solution of a basicdye,

other difficulties included the precipitation of the dyestuffhighly concentrated stable basic dye solution comprising a basic dyestuff, methyl alcohol, and 2,2-thiodiethanol.

The stable highly concentrated basic dye solution of the instant invention is composed of the basic dyestuff, methanol, and 2,2-thiodiethanol. The basicdyestuffs which may beemployed in connection with the instant invention include basic dyes such as:

Chrysoidlne Violet 4,2535 Crystal Violet 4,2555 Victoria Blue B 4,4045 Victoria Blue R 4 4040 Ethyl Violet 4,2600 Capri Blue G SJOOO Cresyl Blue 188 5,l0l0 Fast Grey N Fast New Blue 3R 5,l I75 Fast Black Chrysoidine B l,l270 Vesuyin BA 2,1000 Safranine T 5,0240 Thiollavine 4,9005 Rhudamine B 4,5]70 Euchrysin 3R. 4,6005 lnduline Scarlet 5.0080 New Fuchsine 4.2520 Night Blue 4,4085 Nile Blue 5.l I Nile Blue 2B 5,ll Rhoduline Blue 20 5,0220 Basic Yellow 1 1 4,8055 Basic Orange 21 4,8035 Basic Blue 3v 5 l005 Basic Blue l 4.2025 Basic Blue 5 4,2140 Basic orange 22 4,8040 Basic Red I3 4,8015 Basic Violet I6 4,8013 Basic Violet.7 4.8020

' obtainable by. condensation of pmitrosodimethylaniline hydrochloride with aniline in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

German Pat, specification No. 40.612, example.

The particular basic dye employed in connection with the instant invention is not critical thereto, and any conventional basic dyestuff may be employed. Therefore, the' useful dyestuffs are, .not. limited to those which are specifically set forth herein, but extend to all equivalent basic dyestuffs.-

In addition to. the-basic dyestuff, the highly concentrated solutionof theinstant-inventionalsov comprises methanol. Other solvents were tried. in connection with the instant system and were found to be unsuitable therefor, as with the employment of solvents other than methanol, the solution had varying. degreesof clarity and precipitation. Furthermore,

solutions preparedwith solvents other than methyl alcohol did 1 not exhibittthe stability which was observed when methyl alcohol was employed in the instant composition. Other solvents which are not suitable for use in the instant invention include ethyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl'formamide, methyl pyrrolidone, butyryl lactone, glycol, and diethylene glycol.

As noted above, we have-found a very specific formulation comprising methyl alcohol, 2,2'-thiodiethanol, and a.basic dyestuff. Whengthecomposition of the instant invention is preparedwithout the 2,2"-thiodi ethanol in combination with methyl alcohol-,the resulting solution does not have the stability when high concentrations of dyestufi' are employed. In this connection, one may employ from about 5-50 parts methyl alcohol and 5-50parts 2.2'-thiodiethanol per parts of the total composition. Furthermore, solutions containing from 850 parts basic dyestuff may be prepared by use of the instant solvent system.

Other conventional adjuvants may be employed in connection with the novel composition of the instant invention, such adjuvants including, for example, surfactants and water soluble polyethers.

Water-soluble polyethers are the polymerization products of alkylene oxides whose terminal groups can be etherified or esterified such as polyethylene condensation products.

The useful surfactants include, but are not limited to cationic and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyalkylated alcohols.

As noted above, many attempts have been made in the past to prepare stable highly concentrated solutions of basic dyes because of their inherent usefulness in dyeing processes. These attempts have included the conversion of dyestuffs to water-soluble salts of carboxylic acids, and the subsequent dissolution of the salt in a water-miscible organic solvent, the use of aqueous mediums, the use ofa variety of water-soluble solvents and surfactants, and combinations of the above. All of these attempts have the disadvantages previously inherent with concentrated solutions of basic dyes. The instant invention, however, provides a specific formulation which allows the simple preparation of highly concentrated solutions of basic dyes. The formulations are prepared by mixing the dyestuff, methyl alcohol, and 2,2-thiodiethanol with any other adjuvants which may be desired. All one has to do is mix the ingredients together and package them for shipment without the necessity for use of elaborate and expensive equipment, nor the preparation by chemical reaction of any new materials.

Pure dyes or dyes which have already been shaded may also be used in connection with the preparation of the solutions of the instant invention. Furthermore, the solutions of the dyes may be mixed subsequent to their preparation so as to obtain a desired color. In addition, the dye solutions of the instant invention may be employed in the dyeing of paper, textile fibers, and leather goods. Furthermore, the highly concentrated dye solutions are also suitable for the production of nondrying inks such as those used with self-recording indicating instruments, for the preparation of printing inks for stamp pads, and for typewriter ribbons.

The present invention will now be described by reference to the following specific examples. Such examples are presented for purposes if illustration only, and the present invention is in no way to be deemed as limited thereto.

EXAMPLE 1 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Yellow ll (CI, 48055) l3.5 parts Methyl alcohol 43.2 2,2'Thiodiethanol 30.3 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol l3.0

This formulation resulted in a clear solution and maintained its clarity over a period of 3 months storage.

EXAMPLE 2 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Orange 2| (C.l. 48035) 15.0 parts Methyl alcohol 42.8 2,2'-Thlodlethanol 29.8 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol 13.0

The above solution was clear and maintained its clarity over a long period ofstorage.

EXAMPLE 3 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Green 4 (C.l. 42000) 50.0 parts Methyl alcohol 25.0 2.2-Thiodiethano l7.5 Polyoxycthylated fatty alcohol 7.5

The above solution was clear and maintained its clarity over a long period ofstorage.

EXAMPLE 4 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Blue 3 (C.l. 51005) l4.0 parts Methyl alcohol 50.0 2,2'-Thiodiethanol 2L0 Triethanolamine 30.0 Nonylphenoxypoly ethyleneoxy-ethanol 10.0

This solution was clear and maintained its clarity over a period of 3 months.

EXAMPLE 5 The following formulation was prepared:

The resulting solution lacked the clarity of those in which methyl alcohol was employed. Furthermore, precipitation was observed on storage over a 3 month period.

EXAMPLE 6 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Orange 21 (C.l. 48035) l5.0 parts Dimethyl formamide 42.8 2,2-Thiodiethannl 29.8 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol l2.7

The resulting solution lacked the clarity of those in which methyl alcohol was employed. Furthermore, precipitation was observed on storage over a 3 month period.

EXAMPLE 7 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Green 4 (C.l. 42000) 50.0 parts lsopropyl alcohol 25.0 2,2'-Thiodiethanol l7.5 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol 7.5

The resulting solution lacked the clarity of those in which methyl alcohol was employed. Furthermore, precipitation was observed on storage over a 3 month period.

EXAMPLE 8 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Yellow ll (C.l. 48055 l3.5 parts Isopropyl alcohol 43.2 -b 2,2'-Thiodiethanol 30.3 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol I The resulting solution lacked the clarity of those in which methyl alcohol was employed. Furthermore, precipitation was observed on storage over a 3 month period.

EXAMPLE 9 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Orange 2| (C.l. 48035) l5.0 parts Methyl Pyrrolidone 42.8 2,2'-Thiodiethanol 29.8 Polyoxyethylated fatty ulcohol l2.7

The resulting solution lacked the clarity of those in which methyl alcohol was employed. Furthermore, precipitation was observed on storage over a 3 month period.

EXAMPLE 10 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Red l3 (C.l. 480l5) 20.0 parts 2,2-Thiodiethanol 50.0 parts Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol 15.0

to which was added parts of butyrolactone to replace the methyl alcohol normally employed in the composition of the instant invention.

The resulting solution lacked the clarity of those in which methyl alcohol was employed. Furthermore, precipitation was observed on storage over a 3 month period.

EXAMPLE I l The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Red 13 (Cl. 480l5) 20.0 parts 2,2'-Thiodiethanol 50.0 polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol 150 to which was added 15 parts of glycol to replace the methyl alcohol normally employed in the composition of the instant invention.

The resulting solution lacked the clarity of those in which methyl alcohol was employed. Furthermore, precipitation was observed on storage over a 3 month period.

EXAMPLE 12 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Red l3 (C.l. 48015) 20.0 parts 2.2Thlodicthanol 50.0 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol 15.0

to which was added 15 parts of diethylene glycol to replace the methyl alcohol normally employed in the composition of the instant invention.

The resulting solution lacked the clarity of those in which methyl alcohol was employed. Furthermore, precipitation was observed on storage over a 3 month period.

EXAMPLE 13 The following formulation was prepared:

' C.l. Basic Red 14 ll.0 parts Methyl alcohol 44.5 2.2-Thiodiethanol 31.2 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol [3.3

The above solution was clear and maintained its clarity over a long period of storage.

EXAMPLE l4 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Yellow 13 l2.5 parts Methyl alcohol 43.7 2,2-Thiodiethanol 30.6 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol 13.2

The above solution was clear and maintained its clarity over a long period of storage.

EXAMPLE 15 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Red l5 [0.0 parts Methyl alcohol 45.0 2.2-Thiodiethanol 3 L5 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol l3.5

The above solution was clear and maintained its clarity over a long period of storage.

EXAMPLE 16 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Green 4 (C.l. 42000) 50.0 parts Methyl alcohol 25.0 2,2'-Thiodiethanol |7.5 Polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol 75 The above solution was clear and maintained its clarity over a long period of storage.

EXAMPLE 17 The following formulation was prepared:

C.l. Basic Red l4 40.5 C.l. Basic Orange 2] 62.5 C.l. Basic Green 4 11.6 Methyl alcohol 39.0 2,2-40 -Thiodiethanol 27.4 

2. The concentrated solution of claim 1 further containing a nonionic surfactant. 